9(Z),11(E),13(E)十八碳三烯酸乙酯

9(Z),11(E),13(E)-Octadecatrienoic Acid ethyl ester (α-ESA) is a conjugated polyunsaturated fatty acid commonly found in plant seed oil. This fatty acid accounts for about 60% of the total fatty acid composition of bitter gourd seed oil and about 70% in tung oil.¹α-ESA is metabolized and converted to conjugated linoleic acid (9Z,11E-CLA) in rats.² It has shown potential as a tumor growth suppressor. In colon cancer Caco-2 cells, α-ESA induced apoptosis through up-regulation of GADD45, p53, and PPARγ.¹ In DLD-1 cells supplemented with α-ESA, apoptosis was induced via lipid peroxidation with an EC₅₀ of 20 µM.² It also inhibits DNA polymerases and topoisomerases with IC₅₀s ranging from ~5-20 µM for different isoforms of the enzymes.³ α-ESA ethyl ester is a neutral, more lipid soluble form of the free acid.

1 Yasui, Y., Hosokawa, M., Sahara, T., et al. Bitter gourd seed fatty acid rich in 9c,11t,13t-conjugated linolenic acid induces apoptosis and up-regulates the GADD45, p53 and PPARγ in human colon cancer caco-2 cells. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 75 113-119 (2005).

2 Tsuzuki, T., Tokuyama, Y., Igarashi, M., et al. Tumor growth suppression by a α-eleostearic acid, linolenic acid isomer with a conjugated triene system, via lipid peroxidation. Carcinogenesis 25(8) 1417-1425 (2004).

3 Mizushina, Y., Tsuzuki, T., Eitsuka, T., et al. Inhibitory action of conjugated C₁₈-fatty acids on DNA polymerases and DNA topoisomerases. Lipids 39(10) 977-983 (2004).